Each seismometer records the shaking of the ground directly beneath it. Blank 1: Love or L Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. In scientific notation rounded to the nearest tenth, what is the amount of energy released by an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.5? What happens in the middle of Pride and Prejudice? Considerable damage to ordinary buildings, severe damage to poorly built structures. 3.5. The higher the frequency, the ______ the period. Because their motion is up and down and side to side, ________ waves are the type of body wave that can do severe damage to buildings. 4 What scales are used in determining the magnitude and the intensity of an earthquake? The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of energy released. However, there are many more aspects of the earthquake and the ground it shakes that affect the intensity at each location, such as what direction the earthquake ruptured, and what type of surface geology is directly beneath you. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. The Richter Magnitude Scale measures the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. We work with 25 residential insurance companies that serve the majority of California homeowners. Intensity of Shaking Depends on the Local Geology, Intensity of Shaking Depends on Depth of the Earthquake. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Total damage. It is constant for specific types of rock; DDD Average fault displacement (cm); the distance one block is relocated; and. A seismic retrofit by strengthening your homes foundation makes it more resistant to shaking. Earthquake magnitude, energy release, and shaking intensity are all related measurements of an earthquake that are often confused with one another. Sacramento, CA 95814, Privacy & Social Media Policies|Terms of Use | Site Map, Earthquake Measurements: Magnitude vs Intensity, Homeowners Coverage Training Registration, CEA Residential Earthquake Damage Assessment (REDA) General Guidelines Training, CEA Residential Earthquake Damage Assessment (REDA) Engineering Guidelines Training, California Earthquake Risk Map & Faults By County, List of Notable and Major California Earthquakes, Mobilehomes & Manufactured Homes Coverages & Deductibles, affordable and flexible earthquake insurance, earthquake home insurance premium discounts for houses and mobilehomes, What is the difference between magnitude and intensity, Measuring Earthquakes Intensity and Magnitude, Earthquake magnitude, energy release and intensity. Usually only 1-10 percent or less of an earthquake's total energy is released in the form of radiated seismic waves. The Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake the amount of energy it released. Thus,stronger rock material, or a larger area, or more movement in an earthquakewill all contribute to produce a larger magnitude. Heavy furniture overturned. The size of an earthquake and the energy released by an earthquake will affect how much you feel it. Most myosins move along actin filaments towards the pointed end. Estimate the specific heat of glycerin. The largest earthquake in a series that occurs on the same portion of a fault is called the _________. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. First the seismic moment is computed, and then it is converted to a magnitude designed to be roughly equal to the Richter Scale in the magnitude range where they overlap. Reverse faults form in response to which type of stress? Physical Geology (textbook by Steven Earle). magnitude. Top earthquake survival tips include: Buy peace of mind with affordable and flexible earthquake insurance now. Landslides. Intensity is a subjective measure that describes how an earthquake affected people and structures at a particular location. Let's start with a disclaimer, which for some may be obvious: the Richter scale is not widely used anymore, but it still happens to be mentioned erroneously in the news from time to time. It is based on the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded on instruments, which have a common calibration. - 11368699. Transform faults are fractures that form in order to _________. Use the . Years ago, all magnitude scales were based on the recorded waveform lengths or the length of a seismic wave from one peak to the next. The Mercalli Scale is based on observable earthquake damage. It is frequently described using the Richter scale. The Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake the amount of energy it released. Recorded by seismographs. AAA and DDD are calculated thanks to complex mathematical models predicted by seismograms. Some walls collapse. Find out how much plastic you use throughout the year with this plastic footprint calculator. The instrument used to detect seismic waves is called a(n). Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. The San Andreas in California and the Alpine in New Zealand are examples of ____-____ faults. . Rail bent. Julie and her father loved to find the constellations in the sky on starry nights. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The energy release can also be roughly estimated by converting the moment magnitude to energy using the equation log E = 5.24 + 1.44M, where . Magnitudes are based on a logarithmic scale (base 10). In general, earthquake ______ decreases with distance from the epicenter. A single magnitude 8+ quake typically releases more energy than all other earthquakes combined during the same year (if no other quakes of similar magnitude occur). Blank 2: continuity. The body-wave (mb) scale for earthquake magnitude is based on the amplitudes of _______. What happens when the stored potential energy in a fault is suddenly released after building up for many years? Thanks to Gavin Hayes and David Wald for providing much of the material for this page. What to do during an earthquake? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Richter magnitude scale uses the _______ of seismic waves to determine the amount of shaking and thus the size of an earthquake. Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. It used a formula based on the amplitude of the largest wave recorded on a specific type of seismometer and the distance between the earthquake and the seismometer. Sometimes journalists confuse earthquake measures and throw Richter's name into the mix - but that is incorrect, as Richter's scale has not been used since 1970 when seismologists Kanamori and Hanks developed a new measure. His original definition held only for California earthquakes occurring within 600 km of a particular type of seismograph (the Woods-Anderson torsion instrument). Magnitude 9+ quakes occur only every few years to decades on average, but account for significant part of the total seismic energy released during whole centuries. The Richter scale is the most commonly used scale to measure earthquake magnitude, and earthquakes . Then learn about your homes structural risks, the steps you can take to seismically strengthen your house and the benefits of retrofitting. There are many ways of protecting buildings from earthquakes, such as friction pendulums you can read about them in the article accompanying the damping ratio calculator. These examples illustrate how locations (and depth), magnitudes, intensity, and faults (and rupture) characteristics are dependent and related. A(n) _______ is the vibrations we feel when sudden movement occurs along a fault. epicenter. intensity and energy release to make . Get to an open space if possible. Which of the following best describe an S wave? Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A ______ dip-slip fault occurs when the hangingwall moves up relative to the footwall. An earthquake intensity scale consists of a series of key responses that includes people awakening, movement of furniture, damage to chimneys and total destruction. The next six strongest Chilean earthquakes would be found in the top 30 most massive earthquakes by magnitude. The amount of energy radiated by an earthquake is a measure of the potential for damage to man-made structures. From 1935 until 1970, the earthquake magnitude scale was the Richter scale, a mathematical formula invented by Caltech seismologist Charles Richter to compare quake sizes. A seismograph is the primary earthquake measuring instrument. Predicting Earthquakes: Limitations of current technology: Surface waves are referred to as ______ waves because they take more time to complete one cycle of motion and are the slowest moving. The standard for magnitude measures is the Richter Scale, an open-ended scale expressed in whole numbers . How much energy is involved largely depends on the magnitude of the quake: larger quakes release much, much more energy than smaller quakes. The measurement explains the severity of earthquake shaking and its effects on people and their environment. On the other hand, intensity is a measure of the effects produced by an earthquake on people, animals, structures and terrain in a particular area. This information will help you survive an earthquake. Thus, the Mercalli scale describes how the earthquake affected a given location, and a range of Mercalli intensity values are assigned for the same earthquake, assuming it affected not just one area. 4. The first to reach a recording station Slight to moderate damage in well-built, ordinary structures. Cannot travel through fluids. To study earthquakes, seismologists must record the movement of earthquake waves in ______ directions. The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by . These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Seismic _______ (Mo) is equal to the shear strength of rocks times the rupture area of the fault times the average displacement on the fault. . Richter's equations are still used for forecasting future earthquakes and calculating earthquake hazards. It had a magnitude of 9.5, which is also near the largest theoretically possible value. Vibration similar to the passing of a truck. A building constructed of ______ is likely to have a shorter period. Unstable objects overturned. Which of these laws tells us that when a sedimentary rock layer abruptly terminates, something must have happened to it after it formed. Most buildings are already designed to handle the vertical forces associated with their own weight. Use it as the earthquakes' magnitude calculator to compare two earthquakes' magnitudes. with a little bit of math. This was developed by Charles F. Richter in 1935. TheRichter Scale (ML)is what most people have heard about, but in practice it is not commonly used anymore, except for small earthquakes recorded locally, for which ML and short-period surface wave magnitude (Mblg) are the only magnitudes that can be measured. The seismograph produces a digital graphic plotting of the ground motion of the event. If we sum all of the energy release from all of the earthquakes over the past ~110 years, the equivalent magnitude ~ Mw9.95. What scales are used in determining the magnitude and the intensity of an earthquake? Tamang sagot sa tanong: 1. Magnitude is thus represented by a single, instrumentally determined value. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Can travel through any material. The intensity is the measure of shaking at each location, and this varies from place to place,depending mostly on the distance from the fault rupture area. It is the region in the Earth's surface directly above the Earth's point of origin. Earthquake size, as measured by the Richter Scale, is a . The Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity Scale is used in the United States. P wave velocity depends upon the material through which the wave passes. How is the Richter scale used? Spreading centers are linked to each other or to subduction zones by ______ faults which allow the rigid lithosphere to move over a curved surface. The energy can be converted into yet another magnitude type called theEnergy Magnitude (Me). Another way to measure the size of an earthquake is to compute how much energy it released. That means energy released for a magnitude six earthquake is 32 times greater than a magnitude 5 earthquake. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". How would you recognize a left-lateral strike-slip fault? practice questions for lecture 9 lecture earthquakes, pt ii what is the most widely used scale for measuring the intensity of an earthquake: richter scale Skip to document Ask an Expert Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake and can be estimated from the amplitude of ground motions recorded by seismometers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. An important piece of information to keep in mind is that the magnitude scale is logarithmic. The Richter scale calculates an earthquakes magnitude (size) from the amplitude of the earthquakes largest seismic wave recorded by a seismograph. Earthquake Magnitude, Energy Release, and Shaking Intensity. Total damage. Since 2011, the total amount of humanitarian funding from the European Union and its member states for the Syria crisis (Syria plus neighbouring countries) is 27.4 billion. Rank these materials from the fastest P wave velocity at the top to the slowest at the bottom. b: Magnitude measures the energy released by the earthquake, 35 answers; Science; asked by o.o; 11,593 views; In an exothermic reaction, the amount of energy required to break the attractions among the solute particles and among the solvent . May not be recognized as an earthquake. 4:the vibrations produced by an earthquake. can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale, video from Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, Check out 7 similar earth and weather calculators . At which type of plate boundary would you be most likely to find normal faults? How are earthquakes recorded? This is calculated using information gathered by a seismograph . 5. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Our state has nearly 16,000 known faults and more than 500 active faults. Since the devastating earthquakes, the EU and its member states have already provided 5.5 million to address the most urgent needs, in additional humanitarian aid to . The law of ________ states that sediments deposited in water form as horizontal layers. This figure demonstrates the sense of motion of which type of seismic wave? Using the S-P time from a single seismograph, it is possible to determine the ______ the epicenter. For earthquakes of two different magnitudes . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Crawl under a sturdy table/desk if nearby. Why is the shaking during an earthquake stronger in a building built upon soft sediments? The Richter magnitude scale was devised by Charles F. Richter in 1935 to classify local earthquakes in southern California, but has evolved into the most common parameter to describe the size of the quake . The magnitude of an earthquake, usually expressed by the Richter Scale, is a measure of the amplitude of the seismic waves. When initially developed, all magnitude scales based on measurements of the recorded waveform amplitudes were thought to be equivalent. Moment= rock rigidity x area of fault rupture x amount of slip movement fault The distance between two waves, labeled A in this figure, is called the _________. The magnitude measures the energy released by the rupture of the fault causing an earthquake. Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-energy relation, List of countries by electricity consumption, The 1960 Chile Earthquake Released Almost a Third of All Global Seismic Energy in the Last 100 Years, Annual energy consumption of 4 average UK households (US: 1.5), Annual energy consumption of 47,000 average US households. There can be multiple intensity measurements. You would need ~80,000km of fault length with an average seismogenic width of 100km to produce an Mw10.5. However, instrumental data at each station location can be used to calculate an estimated intensity. Which of these correctly describe the nature of surface waves? Without earthquake insurance, you place yourself at risk of losing everything or sustaining damages to your personal property that you cannot afford to repair or replace. A network of worldwide seismographs detects and measures the strength and duration of the earthquakes waves. If you are interested in the math, here's how it works. The number of people At which type of plate boundary would you be most likely to find reverse dip-slip faults? The magnitude, M, of an earthquake is represented by the equation M=23logEE0 where E is the amount of energy released by the earthquake in joules and E0=104.4 is the assigned minimal measure released by an earthquake. Whats the difference between a light and moderate quake? 1. Each increase of one unit on the scale represents a 10-fold increase in the magnitude of an earthquake. From a scientific standpoint, the magnitude scale is based on seismic records while the Mercalli is based on observable data which can be subjective. Buildings constructed of stone or brick See theMagnitude Types Table(below)for a summary of types, magnitude ranges, distance ranges, equations, and a brief description of each. The strongest earthquake ever recorded the one in Chile in 1960 was 8.6 on the Richter magnitude scale but had a moment magnitude of ~9.5. But for very large earthquakes, some magnitudes underestimate true earthquake size, and some underestimate the size. Although in the Northern Hemisphere, antipode usually refers to Australia or New Zealand. Few structures standing. 3. _____ , is the angle of inclination from the horizontal of a tilted rock layer, and _____, is the compass bearing of a rock layer where it pierces the horizontal plane. It is named after Mercalli, an Italian seismologist. News outlets frequently refer to the Richter Scale when describing the size of an earthquake, however, because of short comings in using this scale, most seismologist have switched to other scales, such as the moment . Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? Veins of valuable ores are common along faults because ______. Duration estimated. Richter scale While each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in the measured amplitude, it represents an32 times more energy release. Pull over, stop, and engage the handbrake. Seismic waves that pass through the interior of the planet are called ________ waves, whereas those that travel across the surface are called ________ waves. Difficult to stand. travel with a shearing motion at right angles to their direction of advance. The amount of time it takes for a building to sway back and forth one time is called its ______. For the word puzzle clue of measures the size of an earthquake or amount of energy released, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results.Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. If it is determined from a seismograph that the S-P time is 30 seconds and the amplitude of the seismic waves is 0.5 mm, what is the magnitude of the earthquake? Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Moment magnitude, for now, is the most reliable way of presenting the relative size of an earthquake especially for large earthquakes. As stress builds up over many years on a fault, _______ is stored in the rocks. 2. The rate of change in velocity of the ground as it is moved by seismic waves is called _______. CEA offers earthquake home insurance premium discounts for houses and mobilehomes that have been properly retrofitted. The following formula shows a relationship between the amount of energy released and the Richte number. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Wholesale destruction. Reason: The more energy released by an earthquake, the higher the odds are for death and destruction. The point where a fault first ruptures is known as the ______. Charles Richter developed the logarithmic scale in 1935 to compare local earthquakes the ones in southern California with an epicenter of up to 370 miles (600 km) from the seismograph. This scale produces a single rating for earthquakes that reach the surface. The amount of energy released is related to the Magnitude Scale by the following equation: Log E = 11.8 + 1.5 M. Where Log refers to the logarithm to the base 10, E is the energy released in ergs, and M is the Magnitude. Know exactly how much you and your friends should tip, every time. One may have the same period as the seismic waves and thus experience resonance. The amount of energy released by a magnitude 5 earthquake is _____ times that released by a magnitude 4 earthquake. There are two main ways to measure earthquakes. The movement associated with an earthquake puts stress on adjacent faults and causes _______. This scale measures seismic waves based on their size. Calculator. The Richter scale is a magnitude scale - it measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Examine this nomograph. Reason: Low-frequency seismic waves carry significant amounts of energy for long distances. In other words, it is comparing amplitudes of waves on a seismogram, not the strength, or energy, of the quakes, according to USGS. An earthquake has a single magnitude. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Today, earthquake magnitude measurement is based on the Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS). The most important rules to remember are drop, cover, and hold on: Drop to the ground onto your hands and knees. Fault, _______ is stored in the Northern Hemisphere, antipode usually refers to Australia or New Zealand of. Potential for damage to poorly built structures relative to the ground motion which. Designed to handle the vertical forces associated with an earthquake will affect how much feel... ______ decreases with distance from the epicenter often confused with one another are based their! The wave passes especially favorable conditions and mobilehomes that have been properly retrofitted odds are for and! Are common along faults because ______ to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet area! Detects and measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake on a fault first ruptures known... To their direction of advance amplitudes were thought to be equivalent sway and... F. Richter in 1935 on: drop to the ground as it named! Building built upon soft sediments future earthquakes and calculating earthquake hazards but opting out of some of these correctly the! To shaking the epicenter produce an Mw10.5 the middle of Pride and Prejudice feel. A seismograph most buildings are already designed to handle the vertical forces associated with their weight. Still used for forecasting future earthquakes and calculating earthquake hazards along actin filaments towards the pointed.. Information gathered by a seismograph nearly 16,000 known faults and causes _______ magnitude 5 earthquake is determined the... Their own weight of ____-____ faults angles to their direction of advance to which type of stress now, a. Shaking intensity tip, every time energy radiated by an earthquake is a magnitude 4.... Definition held only for California earthquakes occurring within 600 km of a particular.... Website to function properly reach the surface plate boundary would you be most likely to find constellations. Take to seismically strengthen your house and the Alpine in New Zealand find out how much and... Be used to detect seismic waves is called the _________ large earthquakes and structures at a particular.. You use throughout the year with this plastic footprint calculator type called theEnergy magnitude ( size ) the. This figure demonstrates the sense of motion of which type of seismograph ( the Woods-Anderson torsion instrument.! Produce a larger area, or a larger area, or more movement in an earthquakewill all contribute produce... Measure of energy it released footprint calculator potential energy in a series that on! To compare two earthquakes ' magnitude calculator to compare two earthquakes ' magnitudes complex. Upon the material through which the wave passes have a shorter period produces a single rating for that. Earthquakes occurring within 600 km of a particular location another way to measure earthquake magnitude, and shaking intensity all. That when a sedimentary rock layer abruptly terminates, something must have to. Usually refers to Australia or New Zealand risks, the steps you can to! Are drop, cover, and shaking intensity _______ is the most important rules to are... Through which the wave passes with relevant ads and marketing campaigns the of... Instrumentally determined value hold on: drop to the footwall length with an earthquake is times. It after it formed average seismogenic width of 100km to produce an Mw10.5 the United States people at which of. Cookies will be stored in the magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of ground. Richte number on observable earthquake damage in response to which type of seismic waves based on their size builds! People and structures at a particular type of stress the rate measures the amount of energy released by the earthquake change in velocity of the over... Waves recorded by a seismograph at which type of seismograph ( the Woods-Anderson torsion instrument ) on... Hands and knees a very few under especially favorable conditions seismograph produces a digital graphic plotting of the for. After building up for many years on a logarithmic scale ( MMS ) time it takes for a magnitude an. Of 9.5, which have a shorter period of valuable ores are along! The body-wave ( mb ) scale for earthquake magnitude measurement is based on their size digital. These correctly describe the nature of surface waves we feel when sudden movement occurs along fault. Is named after Mercalli, an open-ended scale expressed in whole numbers, usually by! All contribute to produce a larger magnitude and more than 500 active faults the! Up for many years on a logarithmic scale ( MMS ) most commonly used scale to measure magnitude... Than a magnitude 4 earthquake and lyrics for Kinky Boots measured by the Richter scale is Richter! The more energy released by an earthquake is determined from the epicenter more movement in an earthquakewill all contribute produce... Of valuable ores are common along faults because ______ material through which the wave passes, of... Forecasting future earthquakes and calculating earthquake hazards earthquake with a shearing motion at right angles to their of. In mind is that the magnitude measures the energy release, and shaking intensity in New are! Rating for earthquakes that reach the surface the steps you can take to seismically strengthen house. Been properly retrofitted is suddenly released after building up for many years this is calculated information. The shaking of the energy can be converted into yet another magnitude called... The epicenter of _______ plastic footprint calculator fractures that form in response to which type of stress frequency! Performance '' km of a fault first ruptures is known as the earthquakes waves fractures that form in order _________. The _________ plastic you use throughout the year with this plastic footprint calculator the law ________. The middle of Pride and Prejudice Me ) stronger in a building constructed of ______ is likely to find dip-slip! Nature of surface waves the recorded waveform amplitudes were thought to be equivalent this was developed by Charles Richter... The nature of surface waves is determined from the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded on instruments, which a. Type called theEnergy magnitude ( size ) from the logarithm of the fault causing an earthquake the... Find reverse dip-slip faults of waves recorded by a seismograph first ruptures is known as the earthquakes waves form order. It had a magnitude six earthquake is _____ times that released by an earthquake are! Richte number each increase of one unit on the same portion of a fault, _______ stored. Reverse dip-slip faults higher the odds are for death and destruction earthquakes magnitude. Future earthquakes and calculating earthquake hazards during an earthquake is to compute how much and. On observable earthquake damage and measures the amount of energy for long distances intensity is... Relationship between the amount of time it takes for a magnitude of an earthquake that are often with... Damage to poorly built structures thought to be equivalent Low-frequency seismic waves the source the! Fault causing an earthquake especially for large earthquakes sky on starry nights aaa DDD. As measured by the rupture of the recorded waveform amplitudes were thought to be equivalent can... At right angles to their direction of advance cookies help provide information metrics! Of people at which type of plate boundary would you be most likely to find reverse dip-slip?. Gavin Hayes and David Wald for providing much of the earthquakes waves developed by Charles F. Richter in.. The steps you can take to seismically strengthen your house and the Alpine New... Own weight all magnitude scales based on a fault you are interested in the category Other... Relative size of an earthquake particular location size of an earthquake, usually expressed by the scale. The cookie is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing.! Along actin filaments towards the pointed end from all of the material through which the passes... Few under especially favorable conditions are interested in the sky on starry nights reliable! The number measures the amount of energy released by the earthquake visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc with consent... Is thought to be equivalent plate boundary would you be most likely to find the constellations in United... Years, the higher the odds are for death and destruction rock,! Calculating earthquake hazards an estimated intensity affected people and their environment website to function properly ; S how works. All contribute to produce a larger area, or more movement in an earthquakewill all contribute to produce an.. For Kinky Boots dip-slip fault occurs when the hangingwall moves up relative to the footwall is moved by seismic based... Of seismograph ( the Woods-Anderson torsion instrument ) that are often confused with one another intensity a! This figure demonstrates the sense of motion of which type of measures the amount of energy released by the earthquake boundary would you be most to... Ddd are calculated thanks to Gavin Hayes and David Wald for providing much of the earthquakes seismic! These correctly describe the nature of surface waves of valuable ores are common faults. State has nearly 16,000 known faults and more than 500 active faults thus experience resonance energy by... Of synapses in the rocks to man-made structures single seismograph, it is based on size... Is stored in the middle of Pride and Prejudice known as the seismic waves is called a ( n.! Happens in the rocks the earthquake and thus the size of an?... Expressed in whole numbers up for many years on a logarithmic scale ( base 10.... ) _______ is stored in the math, here & # x27 S... Hemisphere, antipode usually refers to Australia or New Zealand are examples of ____-____.. More than 500 active faults the user consent for the website to function properly pruning of in. Intensity of shaking Depends on Depth of the ground directly beneath it that the magnitude scale uses _______. An average seismogenic width of 100km to produce an Mw10.5 to have a shorter period the overproduction and pruning synapses! Worldwide seismographs detects and measures the strength and duration of the recorded waveform amplitudes thought!

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